Theoretical and Natural Science
- The Open Access Proceedings Series for Conferences
Series Vol. 12 , 17 November 2023
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
As a bicycle moves, the rider feels air resistance, which affects speed and the rider's energy expenditure. In cycling races, where the main focus is on increasing speed, modifications to the design of the bike, optimization of the bike's materials, and adjustments to the riding position are often utilized to increase speed and reduce energy expenditure. These optimizations are based on aerodynamic principles, which is one of the practical applications of aerodynamic developments. Therefore, the influence of aerodynamics is becoming more and more important in today's bicycle racing. In this paper, the application of aerodynamics in cycling is studied and analyzed through theoretical analysis and literature review. Based on the experimental study of aerodynamics, the optimization of various parts of the bicycle is analyzed to give riders the advantage and help them to increase their speed. Provides the reader with an initial understanding of the application of aerodynamics in cycling.
aerodynamic, cycling; bicycle, fluid mechanic
1. Mojtaba Ghasemi, Daniel Curnier, Maxime Caru, Jean-Yves Trépanier, Delphine Périé, The effect of different aero handlebar positions on aerodynamic and gas exchange variables, Journal of Biomechanics, Volume 139,2022.
2. Bert Blocken, Yasin Toparlar, Thijs van Druenen, Thomas Andrianne, Aerodynamic drag in cycling team time trials, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 182, 2018, Pages 128-145.
3. F. Beaumont, R. Taiar, G. Polidori, H. Trenchard, F. Grappe, Aerodynamic study of time-trial helmets in cycling racing using CFD analysis, Journal of Biomechanics, Volume 67, 2018, Pages 1-8.
4. Blocken, B., van Druenen, T., Toparlar, Y. et al. CFD analysis of an exceptional cyclist sprint position. Sports Eng 22, 10 (2019).
5. Thijs van Druenen, Bert Blocken, Aerodynamic impact of cycling postures on drafting in single paceline configurations, Computers & Fluids, Volume 257, 2023.
6. Alexander Spoelstra, Andrea Sciacchitano, Fulvio Scarano, Nikhil Mahalingesh, On-site drag analysis of drafting cyclists, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 219, 2021.
7. Constantin Jux, Andrea Sciacchitano, Fulvio Scarano, Tire dependence for the aerodynamics of yawed bicycle wheels, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 233, 2023.
8. Crouch, T.N., Burton, D., LaBry, Z.A. et al. Riding against the wind: a review of competition cycling aerodynamics. Sports Eng 20, 81–110 (2017).
9. Fabio Malizia, Bert Blocken, Cyclist aerodynamics through time: Better, faster, stronger, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 214, 2021.
10. Firoz Alam, Harun Chowdhury, Ho Zhi Wei, Israt Mustary, Gary Zimmer, Aerodynamics of Ribbed Bicycle Racing Helmets, Procedia Engineering, Volume 72, 2014, Pages 691-696.
11. Bert Blocken, Thijs van Druenen, Yasin Toparlar, Thomas Andrianne, Aerodynamic analysis of different cyclist hill descent positions, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 181, 2018, Pages 27-45.
12. Fabio Malizia, Bert Blocken, Bicycle aerodynamics: History, state-of-the-art and future perspectives, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Volume 200, 2020
13. Matteo Pogni, Nicola Petrone, Comparison of the Aerodynamic Performance of Five Racing Bicycle Wheels by Means of CFD Calculations, Procedia Engineering, Volume 147, 2016, Pages 74-80.
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open Access Instruction).