Theoretical and Natural Science
- The Open Access Proceedings Series for Conferences
Vol. 16, 04 December 2023
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
This paper discusses Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a combined developmental and neurological disorder that affects a person's conversation, behavioral, and human interaction ability. The article explores the diagnosis of ASD based on clinical observations of behavior and developmental history. It also looks at the potential internal and external causes of ASD, which include genetic abnormalities and exposure to chemicals in the environment. According to the paper's conclusion, early identification and intervention can help control symptoms and enhance the quality of life for persons with ASD, even though there is no known cure or medicine to treat the illness. The research can help identify new therapies and interventions to enable individuals with ASD and their families. Additionally, research can help raise awareness about ASD and help reduce the stigma surrounding it. Together, we can make a difference in the lives of those who have ASD and make sure they receive the care and support they require to live happy, meaningful lives.
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Clinical Diagnose, Risk Factors, Treatment
1. News-Medical. (2019, February 26). Autism History. Retrieved July 16, 2023, from News-Medical.net website: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Autism-History.aspx
2. CDC. (2022). Signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Retrieved July 16, 2023, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/ autism/signs.html
3. Autism Speaks. (2021). Autism Statistics and Facts. Retrieved July 16, 2023, from Autism Speaks website: https://www.autismspeaks.org/autism-statistics-asd
4. CAR Autism Roadmap. (2020, June 9). Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder in the DSM-5 | CHOP Research Institute. Retrieved from www.research.chop.edu website: https://www.research.chop.edu/car-autism-roadmap/diagnostic-criteria-for-autism-spectrum-disorder-in-the-dsm-5
5. Landrigan, P. J. (2010). What causes autism? Exploring the environmental contribution. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 22(2):219–225.
6. Pinto, D., Pagnamenta, A.T., Klei, L., Anney, R., Merico, D., Regan, R., et al. (2010). Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders. Nature, 466, 368-372. Retrieved February 23, 2018, from https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09146
7. Copy number variation (CNV) (no date) Genome.gov. Available at: https://www.genome.gov/ genetics-glossary/Copy-Number-Variation (Accessed: 21 August 2023).
8. professional, C.C. medical (no date) Fragile X syndrome: Diagnosis, symptoms & treatment, Cleveland Clinic. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5476-fragile-x-syndrome (Accessed: 28 August 2023).
9. National Library of Medicine. (2021, October 21). Autism spectrum disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics. Retrieved from medlineplus.gov website: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/ condition/autism-spectrum-disorder/#causes
10. Uchino, S., & Waga, C. (2013). SHANK3 as an autism spectrum disorder-associated gene. Brain and Development, 35(2), 106–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.05.013
11. Hughes, V. (2012, October 17). SHANK3 mice comparisons reveal array of differences. Retrieved August 28, 2023, from Spectrum | Autism Research News website: https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/shank3-mice-comparisons-reveal-array-of-differences/
12. National Library of Medicine. (2017). SHANK3 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics. Retrieved August 28, 2023, from medlineplus.gov website: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/ shank3/ #references
13. National Library of Medicine. (2021a). ARID1B gene: MedlinePlus Genetics. Retrieved from medlineplus.gov website: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/arid1b/
14. National Library of Medicine. (2017a). ASH1L gene: MedlinePlus Genetics. Retrieved from medlineplus.gov website: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/ash1l/
15. Cheon, S.-H., Culver, A. M., Bagnell, A. M., Ritchie, F. D., Clytus, J. M., McCord, M., … Lizarraga, S. B. (2020). ASH1L REGULATES THE STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONAL CIRCUITRY BY MODULATING BDNF/TrkB SIGNALING IN HUMAN NEURONS. BioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). https://doi.org/10.1101/ 2020.02.18.954586
16. WebMD. (2016, December 29). What Are the Treatments for Autism? Retrieved from WebMD website: https://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/understanding-autism-treatment
17. Autism spectrum disorder (2018) Mayo Clinic. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/ diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352934 (Accessed: 11 September 2023).
18. Ornoy, A., Weinstein-Fudim, L., & Ergaz, Z. (2019). Prevention or Amelioration of Autism-Like Symptoms in Animal Models: Will it Bring Us Closer to Treating Human ASD? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(5), 1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051074
19. Qu, J., Liu, Z., Li, L., Zou, Z., He, Z., Zhou, L., … Ye, J. (2022). Efficacy and Safety of Stem Cell Therapy in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10(897398). https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.897398
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open Access Instruction).