Theoretical and Natural Science
- The Open Access Proceedings Series for Conferences
Theoretical and Natural Science
Vol. 5, 25 May 2023
Open
Access | Article
Power Source Evolution: A Brief History of Spaceships
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The transformation of the sun, the moon, and the stars, the visible but unreachable universe, has made generations of people fascinated by it. The rapid development of science and technology is the cornerstone of human exploration of space, and spacecraft is an indispensable and essential part of human space exploration. This paper introduces the development process of spacecraft from 1960 to the 21st century using literature collection, data integration, and other methods, focusing on the evolution of spacecraft power sources, supplemented by the evolution of spacecraft structure. According to the research results, it is concluded that the power source of the spacecraft shows a development trend from relatively low energy and efficiency to relatively high efficiency, and the structure of the spacecraft is in a development state from only supporting spacecraft exploration to realizing manned navigation.
Keywords
Human spaceflight, Aerospace engineering, Power Source.
References
1. NASA | History - Sputnik. (2022). Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://history.nasa.gov/sputnik.html
2. Didlake, R., & Odinets, O. (2022). ARRLWeb: Sputnik and Amateur Radio. Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20071011045828/http://www.arrl.org/news/features/2007/09/28/03/?nc=1
3. A, W. (2022). Shooting The Moon. Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://www.americanheritage.com/shooting-moon
4. Apollo 11 Mission Overview. (2022). Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html
5. Okolski, G. (2022). STS-1 History. Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://history.nasa.gov/sts1/history.html
6. Johnson, B. (2022). Power Sources for Space Exploration. Retrieved 4 September 2022, from http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2012/ph240/johnson1/
7. The Russian Soyuz spacecraft. (2022). Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Launch_vehicles/The_Russian_Soyuz_spacecraft
8. What Powers a Spacecraft? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids. (2022). Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/what-powers-a-spacecraft/en/
9. Clark, John. Ignition! An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants. Rutgers University Press. pp. 214–220. ISBN 978-0-8135-0725-5.
10. Ertel, I. D., & Mary, L. M. (2007). The Apollo Spacecraft - A Chronology. Vol. 1. Retrieved from National Aeronautics and Space Administration: https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/contents.htm#Volume%20I
11. National Space & Air Museum, Smithsonian Institution. (2019, 7 15). A Brief History of the Apollo Program. Retrieved from Smithsonian Institution: https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/factsheets/brief-history-apollo-program
12. NASA. (n.d.). Apollo 11 Command and Service Module (CSM). Retrieved from NASA Space Science Coordinated Archive: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059A
13. Fuel Cells Launched to the Moon Realized the Dream of Mankind. (2022). Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/story/CONT0000000000001856
14. NASA. (n.d.). Apollo 11 Lunar Module / EASEP. Retrieved from NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059C
15. Wall, M. (2012, 9 12). JFK's 'Moon Speech' Still Resonates 50 Years Later. Retrieved from SPACE.com: https://www.space.com/17547-jfk-moon-speech-50years-anniversary.htm
16. Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (2021, 5 5). Starship SN15 flight test. Retrieved from SpaceX: https://www.spacex.com/launches/starship-sn15-flight-test/
17. Space Exploration Technologies Corps. (n.d.). Starship. Retrieved from SpaceX: https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/
18. Tarlik, M. (2019, 3 23). SpaceX's Hexagon Tiles for Starship Heat Shield Pass Fiery Test. Retrieved from SPACE.com: https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-hexagon-heat-shield-tile-test.html
19. Ali, I. (2021, 8 27). From Starhopper to SN20, a brief timeline of the SpaceX Starship development. Retrieved from Tesla Oracle: https://www.teslaoracle.com/2021/08/27/from-starhopper-to-sn20-a-brief-timeline-of-the-spacex-starship-development/
20. Arevalo, E. J. (2019, 11 24). SpaceX Starship Timeline: Making Life Multi-planetary. Retrieved from Tesmanian: https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/spacex-mars-timeline
21. Leman, J. (2019, 11 22). SpaceX's Starship Prototype Mk1 Blows Its Top During Cryogenic Pressure Test. Retrieved from Popular Mechanics: https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a29871777/starship-mk1-explosion/
22. Ryan, J. (2021, 2 25). First SpaceX Starship moon passenger teases update on #dearMoon project. Retrieved from CNET: https://www.cnet.com/science/first-spacex-starship-moon-passenger-teases-update-on-dearmoon-project/
23. Mauldin, John H. (May 1992). Prospects for interstellar travel. Published for the American Astronautical Society by Univelt. “Interstellar travel.”
24. Sutter, P. (2022). Is Interstellar Travel Really Possible? Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://www.space.com/is-interstellar-travel-possible.html
25. Tackett, S. (2022). Nuclear Pulse Propulsion: Gateway to the Stars. Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://www.ans.org/news/article-1294/nuclear-pulse-propulsion-gateway-to-the-stars/
26. Picot, W., 2022. Nuclear Technology Set to Propel and Power Future Space Missions, IAEA Panel Says. [online] Iaea.org. Available at: <https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/nuclear-technology-set-to-propel-and-power-future-space-missions-iaea-panel-says> [Accessed 21 September 2022].
27. Drake, N. (2022). NASA's 'Impossible' EmDrive Engine Tested—Here Are the Results. Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/nasa-emdrive-impossible-physics-independent-tests-magnetic-space-science
28. Borunda, M. (2022). Warp drives: Physicists give chances of faster-than-light space travel a boost. Retrieved 4 September 2022, from https://www.space.com/physicists-give-warp-drives-a-boost
Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Authors who publish this series agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the series right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this series.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the series's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this series.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See Open Access Instruction).
- Volume Title
- Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing Innovation and Applied Physics (CONF-CIAP 2023)
- ISBN (Print)
- 978-1-915371-53-9
- ISBN (Online)
- 978-1-915371-54-6
- Published Date
- 25 May 2023
- Series
- Theoretical and Natural Science
- ISSN (Print)
- 2753-8818
- ISSN (Online)
- 2753-8826
- DOI
- 10.54254/2753-8818/5/20230333
- Copyright
- 25 May 2023
- Open Access
- This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited