Theoretical and Natural Science

- The Open Access Proceedings Series for Conferences


Theoretical and Natural Science

Vol. 32, 06 March 2024

Open Access | Article

Identification of the transcriptomic alterations of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma

Qiyao Mak * 1
1 Shanghai High School International Division

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Theoretical and Natural Science, Vol. 32, 10-22
Published 06 March 2024. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by EWA Publishing
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Citation Qiyao Mak. Identification of the transcriptomic alterations of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. TNS (2024) Vol. 32: 10-22. DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/32/20240737.

Abstract

Although immunotherapeutics like immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy have greatly improved survival rates, death rates of melanoma still remain high. One of the reasons for this is that the solid tumor microenvironment creates obstacles for the effectiveness of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in patients. Therefore, it is crucial to identify potential biomarkers that could be used in combination therapy with anti-PD1 to modify the tumor microenvironment and enhance response to treatment. In this study, we examined clinical and tumor transcriptional sequencing data from 91 patients who received anti-PD1/anti-CTLA4 therapy. Through both bulk RNA sequencing analysis and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we discovered that 8 key pathways were upregulated in patients who responded well to the therapy. Interestingly, these pathways were found in myeloid and T cell populations, indicating their significant role in response to anti-PD1/anti-CTLA4 therapy. Among these pathways, genes such as IRF1, IRF2, C1, and C3 emerged as potential biomarkers that could potentially enhance the effectiveness of ICIs therapy. Further clinical research is required to validate the impact of these genes. The novelty of this study lies in the combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single RNA sequencing methods, which allowed us to uncover distinct differences in the transcriptomic landscape of solid tumors, particularly melanoma.

Keywords

Anti-PD1, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Melanoma

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study will be available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health
ISBN (Print)
978-1-83558-321-0
ISBN (Online)
978-1-83558-322-7
Published Date
06 March 2024
Series
Theoretical and Natural Science
ISSN (Print)
2753-8818
ISSN (Online)
2753-8826
DOI
10.54254/2753-8818/32/20240737
Copyright
06 March 2024
Open Access
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Copyright © 2023 EWA Publishing. Unless Otherwise Stated